High-grade tumor budding is a risk factor for survival in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Objective: With the increasing incidence and mortality of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma worldwide, researchers continue to search for novel prognostic factors and treatment methods for preventing early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma from becoming advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. This study aims to determine if tumor budding is an independent risk factor associated with the survival of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: 268 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were studied, and tumor budding was analyzed for associations with clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes. Results: Tumor budding was divided into low-grade tumor budding (0-6/0.785mm2) and high-grade tumor budding (≥7/0.785 mm2) based on the results of the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. Logistic regression analysis showed that smaller tumor cell nests, the low levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and higher pathological T staging were the risk factors for high-grade tumor budding (p < 0.05). In the low-grade tumor budding group, there was no statistic difference in survival between patients without tumor budding and those with 1 -6/0.785 mm2 tumor budding. Multivariate survival analysis showed high-grade tumor budding (p < 0.001) was independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival and overall survival in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. High-grade tumor budding was also an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (p = 0.037) and overall survival (p = 0.009) in T1-2N0 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions: Smaller tumor cell nests, the low levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and higher pathological T staging were closely associated with high-grade tumor budding in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. High-grade tumor budding may be an adverse risk factor that affects not only the disease-free survival and overall survival of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients but also the survival of T1-2N0 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Level of Evidence: Level 4.

The diagnostic values of multicolor melting curve analysis on drug resistance to 5 anti-tuberculosis drugs / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To explore and analyze the diagnostic value of multicolor melting curve analysis (MMCA) for the resistance of five anti-tuberculosis drugs, so as to clarify the clinical value of MMCA in detecting drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods From April 2021 to May 2022, 200 patients with positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis admitted to the Fourth People's Hospital of Qinghai Province were selected as research objects, and sputum specimens were taken from the patients. Traditional Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug sensitivity test (modified Löwenstein-Jensen medium method) and MMCA analysis were respectively given to detect the resistance of five anti-tuberculosis drugs, including isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin, rifampicin and isoniazid, respectively. Those samples with inconsistent results between the two diagnosis methods were subjected to gene sequencing verification, and the diagnosis efficiency of MMCA for the five anti-tuberculosis drugs was compared. Results Using Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug sensitivity as the gold standard for drug resistance diagnosis, the sensitivity of MMCA for detecting drug resistance of rifampicin, ethambutol, streptomycin, isoniazid and levofloxacin were 95.83% (46/48), 93.75% (15/16), 100.00% (15/15), 100.00% (20/20) and 70.00% (7/10), respectively, with statistical differences between groups (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of MMCA for the five anti-tuberculosis drugs (P>0.05). For the 8 samples with inconsistent results between MMCA and modified Löwenstein-Jensen medium method, gene sequencing was performed and compared with the results of gene sequencing. After comparison with gene sequencing results, it was found that the coincidence rate of MMCA and gene sequencing results was 75.00% (6/8). Conclusions In the detection of drug-resistant mutations in TB patients, multi-color probe fusion curve analysis has high diagnostic efficacy for first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, but is not sensitive to second-line anti-tuberculosis drug levofloxacin. Therefore, for the detection of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, MMCA has a good clinical application prospect.

Advances in loop-mediated isothermal amplification in the diagnosis of tuberculosis / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique is a technique for the specific and efficient amplification of target fragments at a constant temperature using two pairs of specially designed primers and a strand displacement activity DNA polymerase. LAMP technique is a simple, rapid, specific, sensitive and cost-effective nucleic acid amplification method, and therefore has a promising future in the field rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and grassroots applications. In this review, the basic principles and characteristics of the LAMP technique, the main molecular markers for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, and the use of different molecular markers and various types of novel techniques in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and drug-resistant tuberculosis were described. The LAMP technique has been widely used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis with high sensitivity and specificity, but the technique still has some shortcomings. This paper reviews the progress of its application in tuberculosis in recent years and provides an outlook on its development, with a view to providing a rational research direction for rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis in a resource-limited environment.

miR-182 modulates cell proliferation and invasion in prostate cancer via targeting ST6GALNAC5

Altered expression of miR-182 has been observed in various types of human cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of miR-182 and its role in prostate cancer (PCa). Expression of miR-182 and ST6GALNAC5 in tumor tissues and the Du145 PCa cell line was analyzed. Cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay, and wound healing assay were performed. The impact of miR-182 on tumor growth was investigated using a xenograft model. The results indicated that expression of miR-182 was higher in PCa tissues and cell lines, while ST6GALNAC5 was decreased. Downregulating miR-182 significantly inhibited the capacities of proliferation and invasion of PC3 and Du145 cells. ST6GALNAC5 was demonstrated to be a target of miR-182 by luciferase assay, and western blot results indicated PI3K/Akt pathway was involved in miR-182 associated effects on PC3 and Du145 cells. The animal experiment suggested that knockdown of miR-182 inhibited tumor growth. Our study proved that miR-182 participated in the proliferation and invasion of PCa cells via mediating expression of ST6GALNAC5 and established a miR-182/ST6GALNAC5/PI3K/AKT axis in regulation of tumor progression. Our investigation provided a basis for further exploration of the application of miR-182 or ST6GALNAC5-associated therapies for PCa patients.

Analysis on the current situation of medical service price from the perspective of medical insurance integration in the Yangtze River Delta / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To sort out the medical service price management in provinces of the Yangtze River Delta, and identify problems in the process of promoting the integration of medical insurance in the said region.Methods:The service price reform policies and current medical service price items specifications as of December 2020 were collected from the official websites of the reform and developmet committees, health comissions and health insurane bureaus of these provinces. Descriptive analysis using R 4.0.2 software were conducted.Results:Given the reform of medical service prices advanced in these provinces successively, the current medical service price items were not yet unified. In terms of the numbers, Jiangsu topped the rest by 4 457 basic items, while Zhejiang ranked the lowest at 3 914. In terms of decomposed items, Zhejiang topped the rest by 1 988, 17.6 times that of Anhui province. In terms of pricing level, the average price of medical services in Shanghai topped the rest by 1 041.6 yuan, while Jiangsu province was the lowest at 768.6 yuan. The price of some items varied by more than 20 times among these provinces.Conclusions:The provinces in the Yangtze River Delta had significant gaps in medical service price items setup and price levels. It is necessary to promote the regional coordinated specifications of medical service price items, further optimize the price levels, improve the methodological system of medical service price comparison, and promote the integration of medical insurance in the Yangtze River Delta.

Epidemiologic characteristics of Norovirus outbreak in schools and kindergardens in China during 2014-2018 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus clustering and outbreaks in schools and kindergartens in China, so as to provide references for prevention and control of outbreaks.@*Methods@#A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze outbreaks of Norovirus in schools and kindergartens in China during 2014-2018 , the indicators which was analyzed and compared including attack rate, duration of the outbreak, reporting interval.@*Results@#A total of 832 Norovirus outbreaks were reported by schools and kindergartens in China from 2014 to 2018. The total number of outbreaks showed an upward trend with an average annual growth rate of 58%. The number of reported cases was 40 445 but there was no death. Norovirus outbreaks mainly occurred in primary schools (42%), followed by kindergartens and middle schools (both 24%), university (6%) and 77 outbreaks (4%) were reported in universities and other schools. The peak seasons were March to May, November and December each year. Jiangsu Province and Guangdong Province (both 22%) reported the largest number of outbreaks. The main transmission of norovirus outbreaks was through direct person contact (72%), foodborne (4%) and waterborne (3%) caused fewer outbreaks than direct person contact. The duration of the epidemic was positively correlated with the reporting interval (r=0.63, P<0.05) and the number of cases per outbreak (r=0.51, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Disinfection treatment of vomitus should be standardized in schools and kindergartens. Timely detection, reporting, disposal of the epidemic can effectively control the spread of norovirus outbreaks.

Serum levels of melatonin may contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure in children with median age of 1 year / Níveis séricos da melatonina podem contribuir para a patogênese de insuficiênciacardíaca em crianças com idade média de 1 ano

Abstract Objective: Melatonin has a protective role in adults with cardiovascular disease, but the effects of melatonin in children with cardiac dysfunction are not well understood. This study was designed to explore the variations in melatonin, myeloperoxidase, and caspase-3 levels in children suffering from heart failure. Methods: Seventy-two pediatric patients with heart failure and twelve healthy children were enrolled in this study. A modified Ross scoring system was used to evaluate clinical cardiac function. Patients with a score of >2 points were included in the study and were divided into three groups according to severity of heart failure: mild (score: 3-6), moderate (score: 7-9), and severe (score: 10-12). Echocardiographic parameters, laboratory data, and serum levels of melatonin, myeloperoxidase, and caspase-3 were measured and analyzed in all patients. Results: Compared with patients with mild and moderate heart failure, patients in the severe heart failure group had significantly decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.001), and significantly increased serum melatonin levels (p = 0.013) and myeloperoxidase levels (p < 0.001). Serum melatonin levels were positively correlated with serum caspase-3 levels (p < 0.001). The optimal cutoff values of serum melatonin levels for the diagnosis of severe heart failure and primary cardiomyopathy in pediatric patients with heart failure were 54.14 pg/mL and 32.88 pg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: Serum melatonin and myeloperoxidase levels were increased in children with severe heart failure. It is likely that increasing melatonin levels may act as a compensatory mechanism in pediatric children with heart failure.

Resumo Objetivo: A melatonina possui um papel protetor em adultos com doença cardiovascular, porém os efeitos da melatonina em crianças com disfunção cardíaca não são bem entendidos. O estudo foi projetado para explorar a variação nos níveis de melatonina, mieloperoxidase e caspase 3 em crianças que sofrem de insuficiência cardíaca. Métodos: 72 pacientes pediátricos com insuficiência cardíaca e 12 crianças saudáveis foram inscritos no estudo. Um sistema de classificação de Ross modificada foi utilizado para avaliar a função cardíaca clínica. Os pacientes com escore de > 2 pontos foram incluídas no estudo e foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com a gravidade da insuficiência cardíaca: leve (escore: 3-6), moderada (escore: 7-9) e grave (escore: 10-12). Os parâmetros ecocardiográficos, dados laboratoriais e níveis séricos de melatonina, mieloperoxidase e caspase 3 foram medidos e analisados em todos os pacientes. Resultados: Em comparação com os pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca de gravidade leve e moderada, os pacientes no grupo de insuficiência cardíaca grave apresentaram redução significativa da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (p < 0,001) e aumento significativo nos níveis séricos de melatonina (p = 0,013) e níveis de mieloperoxidase (p < 0,001). Os níveis séricos de melatonina foram positivamente correlacionados com os níveis séricos de caspase 3 (p < 0,001). Os valores de corte ideais dos níveis séricos de melatonina para diagnóstico de IC e cardiomiopatia primária em pacientes pediátricos com insuficiência cardíaca foram 54,14 pg/mL e 32,88 pg/mL, respectivamente. Conclusões: Os níveis séricos de melatonina e mieloperoxidase mostraram aumento em crianças com insuficiência cardíaca grave. Especulamos se o aumento nos níveis de melatonina pode agir como um mecanismo compensatório em crianças pediátricas com insuficiência cardíaca.

Impact of metformin treatment and swimming exercise on visfatin levels in high-fat-induced obesity rats / Impacto do tratamento com metformina e da natação nos níveis de visfatina em ratos com obesidade induzida por dieta com alto teor de gordura

Objective : Visfatin is a recently discovered adipocytokine that contributes to glucose and obesity-related conditions. Until now, its responses to the insulin-sensitizing agent metformin and to exercise are largely unknown. We aim to investigate the impact of metformin treatment and/or swimming exercise on serum visfatin and visfatin levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), peri-renal adipose tissue (PAT) and skeletal muscle (SM) of high-fat-induced obesity rats. Materials and methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a normal diet or a high-fat diet for 16 weeks to develop obesity model. The high-fat-induced obesity model rats were then randomized to metformin (MET), swimming exercise (SWI), or adjunctive therapy of metformin and swimming exercise (MAS), besides high-fat obesity control group and a normal control group, all with 10 rats per group. Zoometric and glycemic parameters, lipid profile, and serum visfatin levels were assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks of therapy. Visfatin levels in SAT, PAT and SM were determined by Western Blot. Results : Metformin and swimming exercise improved lipid profile, and increased insulin sensitivity and body weight reduction were observed. Both metformin and swimming exercise down-regulated visfatin levels in SAT and PAT, while the adjunctive therapy conferred greater benefits, but no changes of visfatin levels were observed in SM. Conclusion : Our results indicate that visfatin down-regulation in SAT and PAT may be one of the mechanisms by which metformin and swimming exercise inhibit obesity. .

Objetivo : A visfatina é uma adipocina recentemente descoberta que contribui com as condições relacionadas à glicose e à obesidade. Até hoje, pouco se sabe da sua resposta à metformina, um agente sensibilizador de insulina, e ao exercício. Nosso objetivo foi investigar o impacto do tratamento com metformina e/ou da natação sobre a visfatina no soro e no tecido adiposo subcutâneo (TAS), tecido adiposo perirrenal (TAP) e músculo esquelético (ME) em ratos com obesidade induzida por dieta com alto teor de gordura. Materiais e métodos : Ratos Sprague-Dawley foram alimentados com uma dieta normal ou com alto teor de gordura por 16 semanas para o desenvolvimento de um modelo de obesidade. Os ratos do modelo de obesidade foram, então, randomizados para a metformina, natação ou terapia de combinação com metformina e natação, além do grupo controle de obesidade induzida por alto teor de gordura e do grupo controle normal. Cada grupo apresentava 10 ratos. Parâmetros zoométricos e glicêmicos, perfil lipídico e níveis de visfatina sérica foram avaliados no momento inicial e após seis semanas de tratamento. Os níveis de visfatina em TAS, TAP e ME foram determinados por Western Blot. Resultados : A metformina e a natação melhoraram o perfil lipídico e aumentaram a sensibilidade à insulina, com redução do peso corporal. Tanto a metformina quanto a natação levaram à regulação para baixo dos níveis de visfatina no TAS e TAP, enquanto a terapia de combinação apresentou os maiores benefícios, mas não foram observadas alterações nos níveis de visfatina no ME. Conclusão : Nossos resultados indicam que a regulação para baixo da visfatina no TAS e TAP pode ser um dos mecanismos pelos quais a metformina ...

Effects of enteral immunonutrition on immune function in patients with multiple trauma / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND: Enteral immunonutrition (EIN) refers to addition of some specific nutrients in enteral nutrition (EN), which can help to increase the immune function, and reduce the inflammatory reaction and septic complications. This study aimed to determine whether EIN can improve the immune function in multiple trauma patients. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with multiple trauma who had been admitted to the general ICU of Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, from March 2007 to May 2008, were randomly divided into two groups: an enteral immunonutrition group (EIN group, n=16) and an enteral nutrition group (EN group, n=16). EIN suspension (RuiNeng produced by Sino-Swed Co., Ltd) and ordinary nutrition liquid (RuiSu produced by Sino-Swed Co., Ltd) were given to patients of the EIN group and EN group respectively for at least for 14 days. Peripheral blood lymphocyte count (TLC), immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA), and T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4 / CD8) were detected on the 1st day after grouping, and the 7th day and 14th day after nutritional support. RESULTS: TLC, IgG, IgM, IgA, CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly higher in the EIN group on the 7th and 14th day than that on the 1st day (P<0.05), and continually increased with a prolonged time of EIN. The parameters of immune function in the EN group on the 7th day didn't change significantly compared with those on the 1st day after grouping; on the 14 th day, TLC, IgG, IgM, IgA, CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly higher than those on the 1st day after grouping (P<0.05), but were significantly lower than those in the EIN group on the 14th day (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with the general formula EN, EIN is more helpful for the recovery of humoral and cellular immune function in the early post-multitraumatic phase.

Coronary computed tomographic angiography using low-dose prospectively electrocardiographic triggered high-pitch spiral acquisition by dual-source computed tomography: image quality and radiation dose / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate image quality (IQ) and radiation exposure of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) with prospectively electrocardiographic (ECG) triggered high-pitch spiral acquisition using dual source CT.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 75 consecutive patients with a stable heart rate (HR) ≤65 bpm underwent coronary CTA. patients were divided into two groups according to their HR (group A HR≤60 bpm, group B HR >60 bpm to≤65 bpm) . A dual-source CT scanner was used (0.6mm collimation, 0.28s rotation time, 80~100 kV, 370 mAs/rot) . Data acquisition was prospectively ECG-triggered at 60% of the R-R interval with a pitch of 3.4. Images were reconstructed with 75ms temporal resolution, 0.75mm slice thickness and 0.5mm increment. IQ was evaluated using a four-point scale (1=excellent, 4=unevaluable) .</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean HR and scan time of all patients was (57.2 ± 4.8) bpm and (0.42 ± 0.02) s. Of 1103 coronary artery segments, 934 (84.7%) had an IQ score of 1, 135 (12.2%) score of 2, 18 (1.6%) score of 3,and 16 (1.5%) were rated as unevaluable. There was no significant difference between the two groups in IQ [mean score (1.19 ± 0.52 vs. 1.22 ± 0.55;Z=-1.107,P=0.268) . The rate of evaluable segments showed no significant difference between the two groups (98.5% vs. 98.6%;X2=0.000,P=1.000) . Mean dose-length product of all patients was (67.2 ± 30.4) mGy × cm, mean effective dose was (0.94 ± 0.43) mSv.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In patients with a stable HR of 65 bpm or less, prospectively ECG-triggered high-pitch spiral CT acquisition provides high IQ at low radiation dose.</p>

Comparison of prospectively electrocardiographic triggered spiral and sequential acquisition for coronary computed tomographic angiography using dual-source computed tomography / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the image quality and radiation dose of prospectively electrocardiogram (ECG) -triggered spiral and sequential acquisition for coronary computed tomographic angiography by dual-source computed tomography.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease were randomly divided into two groups. Group A underwent prospective ECG-triggering spiral scan and Group B underwent prospective ECG-triggering sequential scan. Both the image quality and radiation dose of the two groups were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference in age and body mass index of the two groups. The average image quality score was 1.12 ± 0.38 in group A and 1.14 ± 0.38 in group B (Z=-0.291,P=0.771) . The rates of diagnostic coronary segments for two groups were 98.87% and 99.56% respectively (X2=0.59,P=0.443) . The mean radiation dose of group A was significantly lower than that of group B [ (1.31 ± 0.30) mSv vs. (3.36 ± 0.93) mSv; t=11.47, P=0.000] .</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with the prospective ECG-triggered sequential acquisition, the prospective ECG - triggered spiral scan for coronary computed tomographic angiography can remarkably reduce radiation dose without impairing image quality in patients with a low and stable heart rate (≤ 70 bpm) .</p>

Seroprevalence of susceptibility to morbillivirus infection on giant panda in captivity / 中国兽医学报

Canine distemper virus (CDV) neutralizing antibody (NT) titer was examined against the sera from 7 giant pandas aged between 8 to 21 years housed at Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding,China.Anti-CDV NT titer against the Onderstepoort strain showed a wide range from × 2 to×256 (median=16),even though the ani-mals had been receiving an attenuated live vaccine made from an anonymous domestic CDV strain twice a year since 2003.A single administration of attenuated morbillivirus antigen often be enough to give corresponding host a steady immunogenicity.Anti-CDV-NT variation in the giant panda suggests some deficiency in the relationship between the vaccine and the host.

Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine and L-arginine on rats with acute myocardial infarction / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the protective effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) alone and TMP and L-arginine (TMP-LA) combination on rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and to explore its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rat model of AMI was established by via caudal vein injection of pituitrin. Experimental animal groups of normal, model, TMP treated and TMP-LA (via abdominal cavity and caudal vein respectively) treated groups were established. Expression of P- and E-selectin, serum creatine phosphokinase (CK) and troponin T (TnT), and marrow peroxidase (MPO) concentration in myocardial tissue were determined by immunohistochemical stain.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As compared with the normal group, serum CK and TnT level, and MPO concentration in myocardial tissue were significantly higher in the model group (P < 0.01), with P- and E-selectin significantly up-regulated (P < 0.01). As compared with the model group, the above-mentioned parameters in the TMP or TMP-LA treated group was significantly lower (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combined use of TMP and LA showed obvious synergism in treating AMI, by way of multi-link inhibition on expression of adhesive factors and decrease of leucocyte infiltration.</p>

Asaphia in children with ankyloglossia and articulation therapy after lengthening of lingual frenum / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To study the asaphia in children with ankyloglossia and the effect of articulation therapy after anaplasty.Methods:Articulation analysis by testing 21 shengmu and 8 yunmu, particularly the articulation involving front tongue was carried out in 16 healthy children and in 32 children with ankyloglossia before and after treatment.Among the 32 children with ankyloglossia 16 were treated with articulation training 1 month after operation(trained group),another 16 had the articutation test 2 months after operation(untrained group).Results:The articulation clarity in the children with ankyloglossia and in the healthly controls was 29.36 and 97.86 respectively(P